Stjärnbilder och stjärnor i Midgård är följande:
1. Menelmacar(S) - Menelvagor(Q) - Telumehtar(Q) - Swordsman of the Sky
2. Remmirath - The Netted Stars
3 Borgil
4 Helluin
5 Valacirca
De motsvarar:
1 Orion
2 Plejaderna
3 Betelgeuese
4 Sirius
5 Ursa Major
Lite fakta om varje stjärna:
Menelvagor:
Citera:
Menelvagor, the Swordsman of the Sky, was the name given by the Elves of Middle-earth to the bright and prominent star-group that we know today as Orion.
The stars of Menelvagor were originally given their shape in the sky by Varda, who in Middle-earth has the name Elbereth, 'Star-lady'. In an ancient time when Melkor still lurked in Utumno, she used the stars to fill the sky with symbols of watchfulness and guardianship. Together with the Valacirca1, Menelvagor was one of the two most important of these.
Citera:
The Elves all burst into song.’
To the Elves, this constellation had huge symbolic importance, representing an eternal guardian of the World. In the oldest tradition, The Lost Tales, Menelvagor is the enemy of the exiled Melkor, protecting Arda from his return. In later developments of the story, the stars came to represent none other than Túrin Turamabar2, who was fated to return from the dead and face Melkor in the Last Battle. This tradition can be seen in the words of the Silmarillion, where Menelvagor (there called Menelmacar) 'forebodes the Last Battle that shall be at the end of days.' (3 Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor).
This perhaps helps to explain the Elves' name for the red star, Menelvagor's brightest, that we call Betelgeuse. They called it Borgil, which can be translated as 'ever-star3'.
Citera:
Reading the Star Clock
Menelvagor's appearance in The Lord of the Rings gives us an extra glimpse of detail that might easily be missed: he acts as an immense and spectacular 'clock' that lets us time the action exactly. The action in question is Frodo's encounter with Gildor and the Elves, as he leaves the Shire on his fateful journey.
We know from The Tale of Years that this encounter took place on the night of 24 Halimath, which equates on our calendar to 15 September. We also know that Menelvagor had just 'climbed over the rim of the world'. For any given date, a constellation will always rise at the same time each year: if we do the appropriate calculations, we discover that the Elves started singing at about ten past one in the morning4.
Notes
1 'The Sickle of the Valar': the stars of Ursa Major that we know today as the Plough or Big Dipper.
2 If Menelvagor represents Túrin, then his sword represents Gurthang, Túrin's famous black weapon. Bearing this in mind, perhaps it is significant that the iron used to forge Gurthang itself came from the sky as a meteorite - the sword's original name was Anglachel, meaning 'Iron of the Flaming Star'.
3 The Elvish root bor- has a variety of related meanings: 'ever', 'faithful', 'steadfast', 'enduring'. These all have a clear relation to the Menelvagor myths. The translation as 'ever-star' is not arbitrary, though: there is textual evidence of Tolkien's having used bor- elsewhere as the equivalent of 'ever-'.
4 For those with a technical turn of mind, this is calculated from the point at which the southernmost star of the body of Menelvagor (Kappa Orionis or Saiph) crosses the eastern horizon in the early morning of 16 September each year. This turns out to be 01:07, Greenwich Mean Time (which we're treating as equivalent to 'Shire Mean Time' for the purposes of this diversion!).
Remmirath:
Citera:
The Netted Stars: an Elvish name for a group of stars, identified with the cluster today called the Pleiades.
Borgil:
Citera:
A bright red star in the constellation of Menelvagor (Orion), corresponding to the star we call Betelgeuse.
Citera:
Helluin:
The name in Middle-earth for the star today known as the Dog Star, Sirius. Its name appears to mean 'ice-blue'.
Valacirca:
Citera:
The Sickle of the Valar, the seven stars set in the sky by Varda as an enduring warning to Melkor and his servants.
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